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Galarina
- Shahrokh Khanizadeh1,
François Laurens2,
Yves Lespinasse2,
Yvon Groleau1, Johanne Cousineau1, Odile Carisse1 and
Jennifer DeEll3
- 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,
Horticultural Research and Development Center, 430 Boul. Gouin, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu,
Quebec, Canada J3B 3E6
- 2 INRA - C.R. d'Angers, Unité
d'Amélioration des Espèces Fruitières et Ornementales, 42 rue Georges Morel, B.P. 57 -
49071 Beaucouzé Cedex - France
- 3 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,
Food and Rural Affairs, 4890 Victoria Ave N, Box 8000, Vineland Station, ON, Canada L0R
2E0.
'Galarina' is a 'Gala' type apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). It is very
attractive, has a pleasant taste and an excellent shelf-life. The tree is hardy and the
fruit and leaves are resistant to the common races of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis
(Cke) Wint.) due to the presence of the Vf gene derived from Malus floribunda
821.
Availability
- Origin: 'Galarina', tested as X4982, is a progeny resulting from
a cross between 'Gala' and 'Florina Querinaâ' (Lespinasse et al., 1985), made at the Fruit and
Ornamental Plant Breeding Unit (FOPBU) of the Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique (INRA) located in Angers, France. X4982 was selected and tested at INRA. It
was then sent to Quebec for further evaluation and is now being released by the Quebec
apple breeding program (QAPB) located at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
station in St-Jean-sur-Richelieu (Quebec). 'Galarina' was evaluated by the QABP at a
sub-station located in Frelighsburg (Quebec) for 10 years as part of a group of genotypes
sent by INRA for testing in Quebec.
- Tree
characteristics: 'Galarina'
trees are moderately vigorous with an upright-spreading shape when grafted on the
rootstock M.26.
 The fruit are borne on spurs and shoots,
which are generally 1 to 3 years of age, and the fruiting zone tends to move rapidly away
from the trunk to the outside of the tree (type III bearing habit according to Lespinasse,
1977). 'Galarina' trees are hardy at our agricultural sub-station in
Frelighsburg, Quebec
(latitude 45.0465), which has an average winter minimum temperature of -25 ºC.  There have been no
signs of powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) Salm.) or
fireblight (Erwinia amylovora (Butt.) Winslow et al.) infections during the
evaluation period. The leaves are small to medium-small in size, ovate to lanceolate and
the margins are mainly serrate, although they can be double serrate. The underside is
hairy, the apex is acuminate and the base is obtuse. The average leaf length to width
ratio is 2.2 and the petioles are hairy, 2.5 to 3.8 cm long with short stipules when
young. The surface of the leaves is medium green and weakly
glossy.
- Flower characteristics:
 Flowering starts at the same time as 'McIntosh' and 1 or
2 days before 'Gala' in Frelighsburg. Flower buds are dark pink (60A; Royal Horticultural
Society Colour Chart (RHS), 1995) in full balloon stage and the flowers are single. The
ovate petals are slightly overlapping and are white with a mottling of dark pink (RHS 60C)
on both sides. The pedicels are green.
- Fruit characteristics:
'Galarina' fruit mature at the end of September to early
October in Frelighsburg, about 1 to 2 weeks after 'McIntosh', at the same time as
'Cortland' and usually a bit after 'Gala'.
 The fruit are small to medium size (axial diameter 46 to
61 mm, transverse diameter 51 to 65 mm). Fruit weight ranges from 75 to 134 g with an
overall average of 106 g at harvest. Fruit shape is mainly round-conic and the average
length to width ratio is 0.9. The outline of the fruit is
irregular, there is ribbing
along the body and the distal end is five-pointed. The skin is
smooth, thick and tough.
The color is variable: 65-100% blushed to washed orange-red (RHS 179A) to dark red (RHS
185A) fading on the shaded side, with dark red (RHS 185A to 187B)
stripes, over a
greenish-yellow ground (RHS 2C). There is russeting in the cavity that can sometimes
radiate out a bit on the surface of the fruit. The lenticels are
conspicuous, medium in
size and they increase in numbers at the distal end. Surface bloom is
scant. The stem is
medium length to long, small to medium in diameter and is green although it can be red on
one side. The cavity is acuminate to acute, fairly deep to deep with a narrow to medium
width. The basin is prominently ribbed, medium depth to deep with a narrow to medium
width.  The large
calyx is persistent with erect lobes, open, and the calyx tube is
funnel-shaped; the
stamens are in median position. The medium size core is mainly closed to partially open,
it is located in median position with clasping core lines that are not
prominent. The
carpels are round and may be cracked but not tufted. The distal end of the carpels is
emarginate and the cells are symmetrical and slightly abaxile. The seeds are large, not
tufted, can be flattened on one side and the tip is obtuse. The flesh is
crisp, juicy and
very firm (9.5 kg as measured by a EPT-1 pressure tester made by Lake City Technical
Products Inc.). The yellowish-white flesh can be tinged with red near the skin and it does
not brown very much after cutting. The flavor is good, aromatic and a bit
tart. The
acidity is average (0.69% malic acid) and the soluble solids are low (11.1%).
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Galarina, an
apple that never
droped from the tree.
Picture taken in January 2004
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The persistence of the
Galarina fruit on the tree.
Note there is no leaves on the tree and no fruit drop under the tree.
Picture taken in November
2001 |
- Post Harvest,
storage: After 4 months in a
regular cold room, the fruit is still very firm (8.7 kg) and its fresh eating qualities
are excellent. Juice produced from the fruit is very clear, orange-salmon in color, with
average acidity (0.57%) and soluble solids (12.2%). After 6 months in CA (2.5% O2, 4.5%
CO2), the fruit is very firm (8.3 kg) and the soluble solids and acidity are both average
(12% and 0.6%, respectively).
- Other characteristics: Compared to 'Gala', this new cultivar is hardier, it
retains its fresh eating quality longer in storage and it is resistant to the common races
of apple scab, reducing the need for fungicide applications.
- Adaptation
& availability: A Trademark is
pending for 'Galarina'. Limited quantities of non indexed budwood are available for
research purposes (universities and research stations) from S.K. (North America) or from
F.L. (Europe) with a written request. Trees and/or budwood material may be obtained from
Brandt's Fruit Trees Inc. in the USA and Canada. Nurseries may inquire about
"non-exclusive sub-licences" directly to:
Lynnell Brandt
- Brandt's
Fruit Trees, Inc.
P.O. Box 10 Parker,
- WA 98939 (509) 877-3193
- Fax (509) 877-2737
- email: lynnell@ewbrandt.com
To order please contact:
Pépinière Rochon inc.
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