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Effect of selected chemical applications
(SevinXLR Plus, Accell) on the quality and yield of McIntosh apples
Table 1. Effect of thinning on average fruit
number, weight and yield of McIntosh apples.
| Treatment |
- Number of fruits / tree (no)
- 1997
1998
|
- Fruit weight1
- (g)
- 19971
19982
|
- Yield / tree
- (kg)
- 1997
1998
|
- Accell
- SevinXLR Plus
- Accell+SevinXLR Plus
- Hand-thinned
- Control (unthinned)
|
- 257a3
164a
- 219a
131a
- 125b
139a
- 119b
158a
- 230a
166a
|
- 132a
136cd
- 131a
150ab
- 144a
152a
- 140a
143bc
- 131a
134d
|
- 33.9a
42.235a
- 28.6b
33.568a
- 18.0c
36.229a
- 16.7c
38.987a
- 30.1b
40.736a
|
- 1 Fruit weight is an average weight of
50 apples.
- 2 Fruit weight is an average weight of
180 apples.
- 3 Means followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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Table
2. Effect of thinning on fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content and
acidity of McIntosh apples when tested immediately after the 1997 harvest.
| Treatment |
Pressure, side 11 (kg) |
Pressure, side 2 (kg) |
Color
(% ± SD) |
Soluble solids
(% ± SD) |
Acidity
(% ± SD) |
| Accell |
6.65b2 |
6.65b |
65.33 ± 14.84 |
11.575 ± 0.386 d |
0.932 ± 0.120 b |
| SevinXLR Plus |
6.92ab |
6.92ab |
72.17 ± 13.06 |
11.725 ± 0.150 cd |
0.931 ± 0.061 b |
| Accell+Sevin |
7.27a |
7.27a |
68.83 ± 19.56 |
12.200 ± 0.271 b |
1.149 ± 0.079 a |
| Hand-thinned |
6.86ab |
6.86ab |
63.78 ± 15.75 |
12.700 ± 0.100 a |
1.206 ± 0.027 a |
| Control (unthinned) |
6.84ab |
6.83ab |
64.17 ± 17.85 |
12.075 ± 0.457 bc |
1.037 ± 0.153 ab |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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Table
3. Effect of thinning on fruit
firmness, color, soluble solids content and
acidity of McIntosh apples after a storage of 152 days at 4C (1997 harvest).
- Treatment
|
- Pressure, side 11
(kg)
|
- Pressure, side 2 (kg)
|
- Soluble solids
- (% ± SD)
|
- Acidity
- (% ± SD)
|
| Accell |
4.93b2 |
5.10b |
12.350
± 0.624 b |
0.558
± 0.040 c |
| SevinXLR Plus |
5.06ab |
5.28b |
12.575
± 0.386 b |
0.581
± 0.054 bc |
| Accell+Sevin |
5.38a |
5.84a |
13.125
± 0.574 a |
0.664
± 0.050 a |
| Hand-thinned |
5.27ab |
5.55ab |
13.600
± 0.436 a |
0.707
± 0.017 a |
| Control (unthinned) |
5.11ab |
5.42ab |
12.475
± 0.574 b |
0.585
± 0.076 b |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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Table
4. Effect of thinning on fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content and acidity of McIntosh apples after a storage of
229 days under controlled atmospheric conditions (1997 harvest).
- Treatment
|
- Pressure, side 11 (kg)
|
- Pressure, side 2 (kg)
|
- Soluble solids
- (% ± SD)
|
- Acidity
- (% ± SD)
|
| Accell |
5.95 |
5.84 |
11.775
± 0.531 c3 |
0.520
± 0.034 c |
| SevinXLR Plus |
5.93 |
5.90 |
12.225
± 0.395 bc |
0.562
± 0.037 bc |
| Accell+Sevin |
6.12 |
6.03 |
13.125
± 0.486 a |
0.712
± 0.053 a |
| Hand-thinned |
5.88 |
5.79 |
13.267
± 0.321 a |
0.710
± 0.036 a |
| Control (unthinned) |
6.23 |
6.08 |
12.375
± 0.486 b |
0.602
± 0.083 b |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means with no letter(s) are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level.
- 3 Means followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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Table
5. Effect of thinning on fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content and
acidity of McIntosh apples after a storage of 229 days under controlled atmospheric
conditions followed by 7 days at room temperature (1997 harvest).
- Treatment
|
- Pressure, side 11 (kg)
|
- Pressure, side 2 (kg)
|
- Soluble solids
- (% ± SD)
|
- Acidity
- (% ± SD)
|
| Accell |
5.432 |
5.42 |
12.050
± 0.311 b3 |
0.433
± 0.011 c |
| SevinXLR Plus |
5.46 |
5.37 |
12.100
± 0.424 b |
0.471
± 0.051 c |
| Accell+Sevin |
5.62 |
5.55 |
12.975
± 0.492 a |
0.591
± 0.056 a |
| Hand-thinned |
5.39 |
5.29 |
13.025
± 0.351 a |
0.547
± 0.062 ab |
| Control (unthinned) |
5.60 |
5.47 |
12.500
± 0.600 ab |
0.502
± 0.058 bc |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means with no letter(s) are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level.
- 3 Means followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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Table
6. Effect of thinning on fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content and
acidity of McIntosh apples when tested immediately after the 1998 harvest.
- Treatment
|
- Pressure, side 11 (kg)
|
- Pressure, side 2 (kg)
|
- Color
- (% ± SD)
|
- Soluble solids
- (% ± SD)
|
- Acidity
- (% ± SD)
|
| Accell |
6.752 |
7.35 |
77.67
± 11.913 |
11.150
± 0.100 |
0.741±
0.024 |
| SevinXLR Plus |
6.68 |
7.30 |
80.417
± 9.755 |
11.525
± 0.206 |
0.794
± 0.022 |
| Accell+Sevin |
6.83 |
7.44 |
78.250
± 8.069 |
10.397
± 2.54 |
1.014
± 0.414 |
| Hand-thinned |
6.70 |
7.32 |
80.417
± 8.197 |
11.400
± 0.153 |
0.756
± 0.051 |
| Control (unthinned) |
6.70 |
7.16 |
77.667
± 10.393 |
11.450
± 0.173 |
0.745
± 0.046 |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means are not significantly different
at the 0.05 level.
Return to Results
Table
7. Effect of thinning on fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content and
acidity of McIntosh apples after a storage of 181 days under controlled atmospheric
conditions (1998 harvest).
- Treatment
|
- Pressure, side 11 (kg)
|
- Pressure, side 2 (kg)
|
- Soluble solids
- (% ± SD)
|
- Acidity
- (% ± SD)
|
| Accell |
6.392 |
6.20 |
11.000
± 0.469 |
0.482
± 0.036b3 |
| SevinXLR Plus |
6.06 |
6.03 |
11.600
± 0.082 |
0.544
± 0.034a |
| Accell+Sevin |
6.08 |
6.00 |
11.800
± 0.455 |
0.519
± 0.019ab |
| Hand-thinned |
6.18 |
6.01 |
11.425
± 0.263 |
0.509
± 0.043ab |
| Control (unthinned) |
6.39 |
6.19 |
11.675
± 0.263 |
0.496
± 0.045ab |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means with no letter(s) are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level.
- 3 Means followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
Return to Results
Table
8. Effect of thinning on fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content and
acidity of McIntosh apples after a storage of 181 days under controlled atmospheric
conditions followed by 7 days at room temperature (1998 harvest)
- Treatment
|
- Pressure, side 11 (kg)
|
- Pressure, side 2 (kg)
|
- Soluble solids
- (% ± SD)
|
- Acidity
- (% ± SD)
|
| Accell |
5.302 |
5.29 |
11.625
± 0.395 |
0.404
± 0.022 |
| SevinXLR Plus |
5.39 |
5.23 |
11.775
± 0.263 |
0.437
± 0.017 |
| Accell+Sevin |
5.28 |
5.23 |
11.875
± 0.320 |
0.422
± 0.048 |
| Hand-thinned |
5.43 |
5.27 |
11.625
± 0.236 |
0.425
± 0.015 |
| Control (unthinned) |
5.45 |
5.39 |
11.725
± 0.778 |
0.403
± 0.027 |
- 1 Means are an average value of tests
run on 60 apples (15 apples / replicate, 4 replicates /treatment).
- 2 Means are not significantly different
at the 0.05 level.
Return to Results
Table
9. Number of apples with physiological disorders when stored under
controlled atmospheric conditions (CAC) followed by a 7 days storage at room temperature
(CAC+7) (1997 harvest)
| Treatment |
- Number of apples1 with
- vascular breakdown
|
- Number of apples with light senescence
breakdown
|
|
After CAC |
after CAC + 7 |
after CAC |
After CAC + 7 |
| Accell |
4 |
6 |
5 |
1 |
| SevinXLR
Plus |
2 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
| Accell+Sevin
|
2 |
17 |
0 |
1 |
| Hand-thinned |
12 |
18 |
5 |
5 |
| Control
(unthinned) |
7 |
9 |
4 |
1 |
1 Total number of apples with physiological disorders over 60 apples that were
tested (15 apples/replicate, 4 replicates/treatment).
Return to Results
Table
10. Results of analytical tests on McIntosh apples from trees treated with
chemical thinning agents.
| Sample |
- Mean Pectin1/SD
- (g galacturonic acid/L)
|
- Mean Total Sugars 1/SD
- (g sucrose/100ml)
|
- Mean Titratable Acidity1/SD
- (g malic acid/100ml)
|
- Mean pH1/SD
|
| Accell |
0.905/0.110 |
10.3 / 1.11 |
0.845 / 0.0578 |
3.04 / 0.0457 |
| SevinXLR Plus |
0.836/0.1572 |
11.0 / 2.842 |
0.999 / 0.1492 |
2.98 / 0.05572 |
| Accell +
Sevin |
0.813/0.218 |
10.1 / 1.75 |
1.08 / 0.108 |
3.02 / 0.0408 |
| Hand-thinned |
0.890/0.197 |
10.9 / 1.09 |
1.10 / 0.0838 |
2.98 / 0.0538 |
| Control
(unthinned) |
0.955/0.0578 |
9.84 / 1.69 |
0.917 / 0.162 |
3.01 / 0.0896 |
- 1Average of 4 replicates
- 2Average of 3 replicates
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Fig
1. The effect of application of Sevin XLR Plus, Accell on the thickness of
the epidermal and parenchgymatous layers of apple fruits compared to the hand thinned and
control.
 - Hand thinned Accell
-
 - Accell + Sevin
Control
(untreated trees)
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